[state of chemical fiber industry in China]
First, China's production of chemical fiber has risen steadily
China chemical fiber industry has a history of over forty years. Over the past 20 years and more since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made remarkable achievements. China's chemical fiber industry has also entered a fast growth period. There are two main characteristics: rapid growth and remarkable achievements.
Especially in recent decades, China's chemical fiber production has achieved rapid development and remarkable achievements. In the mid and late 1990s, the booming development of three capital enterprises, township enterprises and private enterprises, the total amount of China's chemical fibre industry took a new step. In the last 20 years, the average annual growth of chemical fiber has increased by 15%, and the output of chemical fiber in 2000 was 694 x 104 tons.
Since 1981, China chemical fiber, has maintained double-digit growth over the past 20 years, production expanded four times, especially in the fastest growing period of the ninth five-year plan, China's chemical fiber production in 1998 for the first time ranked first in the United States, China's chemical fiber production has accounted for 24% of the world. In particular, the average annual growth rate in the ninth five-year period is up to 17.1%, and the growth rate is astonishing. In 2000, China's chemical fiber output was 6.94 million tons, accounting for 57.8% of the domestic textile fiber. In 2001, the annual output reached 8283,000 tons, with the output growth of 18.4% year on year, and chemical fiber has become the most important raw material for textile fibers.
According to data analysis provided by the national bureau of statistics, in January to November 2003, China's chemical fiber production continued to increase, production and sales increased slightly, and inventory decreased. In November, production was larger than sales, with output up by 4.86% compared with October, 8.35 percentage points off production, and 5.58 percentage points in inventory. The prices of various kinds of chemical fiber are increasing, especially the short fiber of viscose staple and polyester staple.
From January to November 2003, the cumulative production of chemical fiber in China was 1049.52 million tons, an increase of 17.59 percent year on year. Among them: viscose fiber 71.24 million tons, increase 16.90%; Synthetic fiber 966.86 million tons, an increase of 17.71%. In November, China's chemical fiber output was 113.71 million tons, up 19.61 percent year on year, up 4.68 percent from October.
China has also made great progress in terms of per capita fiber and chemical fiber consumption. Per capita fiber consumption increased from 3.3 kg in 1980 to 6.6 kg in 2000. Per capita chemical fiber consumption also increased from 1.4 kg to 3.7 kg, which is above the world average of 3.5 kg, but it is still far from the 8.1 kg ratio in the developed countries of the world.
In addition, China's chemical fiber growth rate is also significantly higher than the world average. This is reflected in the rapid increase in China's chemical fiber production from 0.3% in 1960 to 15.5% in 1995. In 2002, chemical fiber production reached 9.91 million tons, accounting for 29.4 percent of the world's chemical fiber production.
In 2002, world fiber output increased by 4.5%, to 56 million tons, per capita annual consumption of fiber 9kg. Chemical fiber dominates the world's fiber market, accounting for 60 percent of the total, with production growth of 6 percent and production of 33.7 million tons. Among them, the growth of filament fiber production was 6.7%,
production reached 18 million tons, and short fiber production increased by 5.3% to 15.7 million tons. All chemical fiber varieties have contributed to the increase of production, but the contribution of polyester fiber is particularly large, increasing by 7% to 21 million tons. In recent years, is still in the high speed development of China's chemical fibre industry, chemical fiber production has reached 11.81 million tons in 2003, the growth rate is as high as 19.2%, accounting for 37.4% of the total world output, is the first big global chemical fiber production. However, China's chemical fiber production still does not meet the rapid growth of China's market demand. It still needs to import a lot of imports every year. In 2003, the import of chemical fiber imported 1858 tons, and the growth rate was 8.1%.
In 2004, China's chemical fiber output reached 13.86 million tons, up 21.2 percent year on year, accounting for 40.1 percent of the world's total output. The total output of the world was 34.56 million tons in the same period, an increase of 8.9 percent year on year. The second, the three Taiwan regions and the United States accounted for 9.6 percent and 8.4 percent respectively, and the gap between China and China was being pulled apart.
The basic driving force of China's rapid development of chemical fiber industry is the demand of China's textile processing capacity and the huge space of textile and consumer market, which is a typical development model of domestic demand. The structural characteristics of this type of domestic demand will not change for a long time, and still need to import more chemical fiber each year. The import estimate will be maintained at 10% annual growth.
With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up and the optimization of investment structure, the status and internal structure of the chemical fiber industry have undergone profound changes. Materials used in the textile industry, chemical fiber textiles in our country the proportion of the total increase year by year, by 1999, accounting for 54% of the our country textile fiber manufactured up to 65% in 2002, as the main raw material of textile industry in our country. Differentiation rate has risen by an average of 20% in 1999 to more than 45% of the 2002, enterprise technical equipment advanced degree, integrated product development innovation, the enterprise management
level and economic benefit were obviously improved, on the promotion of promoting China's chemical fiber industry as a whole played a important role. On the corporate structure, chemical fiber industry in the process of adjustment and development, intensify reform, reorganization and transformation, realize the stock of assets restructuring and advantages of the expansion of enterprises, make some companies increased the vitality, improve the efficiency.
At present, China's chemical fiber industry is changing from quantitative to quality, as quantity increases and scale expands. The size of chemical fiber variety is improving, the internal management and standardization work is more and more strengthened, the product quality steadily rises. However, in contrast to this, the technical personnel of chemical fiber are severely deficient, and the professional knowledge updating rate can not keep up with the development of the market. In recent years, the price of Chinese chemical fiber products and raw materials has fluctuated greatly, which has greatly affected the whole chemical fiber industry.
2. Technology and equipment status of chemical fiber industry
After more than 20 years of construction, China's chemical fiber technology equipment has made great progress, especially during the "eight-five" period, the transformation and renewal of chemical fiber technology equipment has made a historic breakthrough. The main performance is in the following aspects:
Organizational structure of chemical fiber production enterprises has been adjusted. The number of companies producing more than 50,000 tons rose from 22 in 1999 to 57 in 2002, with an average of over 100,000 tons/year. It has formed a group of high management level, production scale reasonable, economic efficiency good industry platoon leader enterprise.
2. The structural adjustment of chemical fiber products has obvious effect. Direct spinning polyester filament improved significantly the application of new technology products in the domestic and international market competition ability, fiber exports from 88000 tons in 1999, in 2002 to 241000 tons, increment were 1.8 times, especially the high performance of the differentiation, functional fiber and developing rapidly, improve the level of the our country textile fabrics quality, breed of design and color, and additional benefits.
3. Chemical fiber textiles and clothing export earnings growth rapidly. In 1999, textile and clothing exports were $15.18 billion. In 2002, the textile and clothing exports reached us $200.500 million, and the export volume increased by 32.1% in 2003.
4. The application of chemical fiber products has been continuously expanded. With the rapid development of chemical fiber industry, for our country become a textile power, textile powers laid a solid foundation, product development ability, technical level has a significant growth, chemical fiber products in national defense, transportation, energy, water conservancy and other industries are widely used.
5. Comprehensive benefit upgrading of textile enterprises. By implementing national debt technological upgrading projects, reduce the production cost, improve the labor productivity and economic benefits of enterprises, comprehensive strength and the overall advantage obviously increased, significantly higher anti-risk ability. Formed a batch of like yizheng chemical fiber group corporation, luoyang oil chemical fiber group, the black dragon the river dragon polyester group, zhejiang yat group, jilin chemical fiber group, xinxiang egrets group, jiangsu wujiang silk group, yantai spandex industry backbone enterprises.
With the great growth of the consumption capacity of our people and the needs of the export, there will be a great development space for the chemical fiber industry in the future. It is predicted that during the tenth five-year plan period, China's annual per capita fiber consumption will increase from 5.5 kilograms to 7.5 kilograms.
From the chemical fiber varieties development, polyester fiber, the fastest growing production capacity of 1.25 million tons in 1990, is 2.2 times that of 1985 to 1995 effective capacity has reached 2 million tons, up 60% from 1990. The production capacity of jinlun was 270,000 tons in 1994, nearly double the growth of 90 years. The effective production capacity of acrylic is 300,000 tons in 1995, and polypropylene is 200,000 tons. The domestic and foreign market demand of viscose fiber has been developing slowly in China in recent years, and the effective capacity is 450,000 tons in 1995.
At present, China's viscose production capacity accounts for about 10% of chemical fiber capacity, which is close to the international average. Has accounted for the proportion of polyester in the synthetic fiber synthetic fiber 70%, higher than the world average, polyester, polyester filament is the fastest growing in the proportion of the more than staple, but the number of polyamide fiber and acrylic obviously inadequate.
From the productivity layout analysis, in provinces and cities of more than 100000 tons production capacity of 1994 only seven, total production capacity of 2.4 million tons, accounting for 74% of the national production capacity, and in the eastern region, more proportion of the central and western regions. This is because chemical fiber industry belongs to capital, technology intensive sex industry, east region develops relatively fast. With the continuous development of China's economy, in 2001, 12 provinces and cities with annual production capacity of more than 50,000 tons of chemical fiber enterprises, the distribution slightly more reasonable. From the benefit point of view,
chemical fiber, as an emerging textile raw material industry, has already occupied a very important position in the textile industry. As a technology-intensive industry, high labor productivity, chemical fiber industry in the past decade to reverse textile industry-wide losses have made outstanding achievements, in the whole hundred large profit tax in textile industry, chemical fiber enterprises accounted for 50% of the top 10 in the chemical fiber enterprises accounted for the majority. With the development of international economic regionalization, the world textile production has formed the three regions of east Asia, Western Europe and North America.
But, after all, chemical fiber industry in China because of poor foundation, development time is short, domestic equipment quality level can't keep up with technology, in addition to the part of the polyester filament enterprises and new large and medium-sized enterprises, led to most of the chemical fiber enterprises backward technology, outdated equipment. Most of the viscose fiber equipment is still in the 50s and 60s, and the three wastes are serious in terms of poor debt, serious pollution, large energy consumption and low level of equipment. About 40% of polyamide production equipment is low-speed spinning series, the product is much wool, the volume is small, can not adapt to the water jet loom needs.
In addition, chemical fiber technology equipment repeated introduction phenomenon serious. Although our country has imported a lot of foreign advanced chemical fiber equipment and technology, but due to domestic equipment manufacturing has not yet out of a virtuous cycle, the combination of skill trade way, the digestion, absorption, slow work.